Table 2. Characteristics of the impregnating solutions
| Characteristics | Impregnating solution compositions |
| WV + kak 8% | WV + kak 10% | WV + kak 8% + borax | WV + kak 10% + borax | Water + kak 8% + borax | Water + kak 10% + borax |
| pH | 4.40 | 4.74 | 5.30 | 6.15 | 9.00 | 9.46 |
| Density (g/cm3) | 1.020(0.000) | 1.030(0.000) | 1.040(0.020) | 1.040(0.020) | 1.030(0.060) | 1.040(0.080) |
| Viscosity (poise) | 2.87(0.08) | 4.89(0.35) | 4.50(0.37) | 8.06(0.68) | 1.24(0.11) | 2.36(0.15) |
| Solid content (%) | 6.81(0.64) | 10.24(0.78) | 11.98(0.07) | 14.40(0.28) | 8.50(1.11) | 11.11(0.28) |
Values within brackets are SDs from 3 replicates.
WV: wood vinegar, kak: animal-based resin adhesive.