Table 2. Furfural yield (%) depending on substrate concentration, solvent, catalyst, temperature and reaction time
| Substrate conc. | Solvent | Catalyst | Catalyst conc. | Temp. (°C) | Reaction/residence time | Furfural yield (wt%) | Reference |
| Xylose (1:100) | Ethanol (50% v/v) | H2SO4 | 0.5% | 210 | | 48.5 | This work |
| Xylose (80 g/L) | o-nitrotoluene (75% v/v) | Formic acid | 20 g/L | 190 | 1 h 15 min | 74 | Yang et al. (2013) |
| Xylose (1:6) | Water | - | - | 220 | 50 min | 50 | Jing and Lü (2007) |
| Xylose (1 w.t%) | Water | CrCl3 | 6mM | 145 | ∼80 min | 17 | Choudhary et al. (2012) |