Table 5.
Physicochemical properties of the heavy oils under 350 °C

	Bio-oil	CoMo/Al2O3			NiMo/Al2O3			NiFe/zeolite Y			NiFe/HBeta			NiFe/ZSM-5
		Concentration (wt%)
		25	10	5	25	10	5	25	10	5	25	10	5	25	10	5
Water content (wt%)	19.3(0.2)	5.0	3.8	4.2	4.9	5.2	4.3	7.3	9.5	15.6	12.0	10.9	8.3	13.0	8.4	8.3
TAN(mg KOH/g oil)	150(1.3)	31	68	70	70	54	78	52	50	52	47	60	59	73	70	68
Viscosity (mm2/s)a	103	65	82	86	67	73	84	46	64	68	43	59	67	48	52	59
Elemental analysis (dry basis, wt%)
C	42.9	65.3	67.5	67.4	62.7	63.4	62.2	68.1	63.8	57.0	59.7	61.4	62.5	66.8	63.3	65.2
H	7.1	8.6	8.2	10.0	9.9	8.5	8.6	8.2	8.7	9.3	8.7	8.7	8.7	8.1	8.5	8.1
N	<0.1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	<0.1	-
Ob	49.9	26.1	24.3	32.5	27.4	28.1	29.2	23.7	27.5	33.7	31.6	29.9	28.8	25.1	28.1	26.7
S	<0.1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
HHV(MJ/kg, dry basis)	13.7	28.1	29.5	31.4	27.8	26.7	26.5	28.3	25.5	20.4	22.4	23.7	25.2	25.1	25.5	26.2
Degree of deoxygenation	-	47.7	51.3	54.7	45.1	43.7	41.5	52.5	44.9	32.5	36.7	40.1	42.3	49.7	43.7	46.5

: Measured at 20°C
: Calculated by difference