Table 3.
Physical Properties of Uncarbonized and Carbonized Bamboo Samples

Temperature (°C)	Weight reduction rate (%)	Volume reduction rate (%)	Density (g/cm3)	Hardness	Refining degree
Andong
Control	-	-	0.71±0.02De	-	-
200	19.2±2.5Aa	7.0±0.6Aa	0.58±0.02Dd	12.0±0.0ABc	9.0±0.0ABc
400	51.9±0.3Ab	25.5±4.0Ab	0.45±0.05Dab	1.0±0.0ABa	9.0±0.0ABc
600	61.6±3.3Ac	38.9±3.2Ac	0.45±0.05Da	1.0±0.0ABa	3.2±0.4ABb
800	62.7±2.2Ad	46.7±3.8Ad	0.47±0.06Db	3.4±0.5ABb	0.2±0.4ABa
1000	65.2±1.9Ae	50.8±1.9Ae	0.49±0.05Dc	11.6±0.5ABc	0.0±0.0ABa
Hitam
Control	-	-	0.71±0.03De	-	-
200	16.4±0.1Ba	11.5±2.3Ba	0.70±0.03Dd	12.0±0.0Cc	9.0±0.0BCc
400	52.5±1.4Bb	26.4±4.2Bb	0.45±0.03Dab	1.0±0.0Ca	9.0±0.0BCc
600	65.8±0.1Bc	41.0±0.2Bc	0.40±0.02Da	1.6±0.5Ca	4.6±0.5BCb
800	69.6±0.6Bd	50.8±0.5Bd	0.42±0.03Db	6.2±0.4Cb	0.2±0.4BCa
1000	69.5±0.8Be	54.9±1.7Be	0.46±0.03Dc	11.2±0.4Cc	0.0±0.0BCa
Tali
Control	-	-	0.60±0.05Ce	-	-
200	15.4±0.1Ba	11.2±3.3ABa	0.59±0.05Cd	12.0±0.0Cc	9.0±0.0Cc
400	52.0±0.9Bb	23.7±3.0ABb	0.39±0.01Cab	1.0±0.0Ca	9.0±0.0Cc
600	67.6±2.4Bc	38.8±0.4ABc	0.34±0.01Ca	1.4±0.5Ca	5.5±0.5Cb
800	70.9±1.0Bd	49.7±1.0ABd	0.37±0.02Cb	5.2±0.4Cb	0.4±0.5Ca
1000	72.7±1.1Be	53.5±1.3ABe	0.40±0.01Cc	12.0±0.0Cc	0.0±0.0Ca
Kuning
Control	-	-	0.67±0.04Be	-	-
200	25.2±2.6Da	7.2±1.9Aa	0.55±0.03Bd	12.0±0.0ABc	9.0±0.0Cc
400	64.6±0.0Db	25.9±2.9Ab	0.31±0.01Bab	1.0±0.0ABa	9.0±0.0Cc
600	69.3±0.6Dc	42.4±2.8Ac	0.32±0.00Ba	1.0±0.4ABa	6.7±0.7Cb
800	71.9±0.4Dd	47.6±2.3Ad	0.34±0.01Bb	3.6±0.5ABb	0.8±0.4Ca
1000	71.7±0.6De	49.0±1.7Ae	0.36±0.00Bc	11.4±0.5ABc	0.0±0.0Ca
Ampel
Control	-	-	0.77±0.06Ee	-	-
200	20.3±0.9Ba	6.9±1.4Ca	0.67±0.08Ed	12.0± 0.0Bc	9.0±0.0ABc
400	52.3±0.9Bb	29.3±1.6Cb	0.51±0.03Eab	1.0±0.0Ba	9.0±0.0ABc
600	64.8±0.2Bc	44.3±1.4Cc	0.49±0.04Ea	1.0±0.0Ba	3.5±0.4ABb
800	68.0±0.8Bd	54.2±3.1Cd	0.55±0.05Eb	2.8±0.8Bb	0.0±0.0ABa
1000	68.4±0.9Be	58.0±1.9Ce	0.59±0.06Ec	11.8±0.4Bc	0.0±0.0ABa
Betung
Control	-	-	0.56±0.01Ae	-	-
200	17.9±0.9Ca	10.5±0.9Ba	0.51±0.03Ad	12.0±0.0Ac	9.0±0.0Ac
400	57.2±0.8Cb	23.3±1.3Bb	0.32±0.02Aab	1.0±0.0Aa	9.0±0.0Ac
600	65.1±2.1Cc	41.0±0.6Bc	0.34±0.04Aa	1.0±0.0Aa	4.2±0.5Ab
800	71.7±1.3Cd	50.7±1.8Bd	0.34±0.02Ab	1.6±0.5Ab	1.8±0.0Aa
1000	74.4±0.2Ce	56.0±1.8Be	0.35±0.02Ac	9.8±1.3Ac	0.0±0.0Aa

Notes: The means are averages of 10 measurements. Means within a column followed by the same capital letter are not significantly different between bamboo species and means within a column followed by the same lower case are not significantly different between carbonization temperature of each species at 5% significance level using Duncan’s multiple range test.